ACADEMIC
Calculation
Policy
Calculation Policy
Children in Years 1 and 2 will be given a really solid foundation in the basic building blocks of mental and written arithmetic. Through being taught place value, children will develop an understanding of how numbers work, so that they are confident with 2-digit numbers and beginning to read and say numbers above 100.
Addition and Subtraction:
A focus on number bonds, first via practical hands-on experiences and subsequently using memorisation techniques, enables a good grounding in these crucial facts, and ensures that all children leave Year 2 knowing the pairs of numbers which make all the numbers up to 10 at least. Children will also have experienced and been taught pairs to 20. Children’s knowledge of number facts enables them to add several 1-digit numbers, and to add/subtract a 1-digit number to/from a 2-digit number. Another important conceptual tool is the ability to add/subtract 1 or 10, and to understand which digit changes and why. This understanding is extended to enable children to add and subtract multiples of 10 to and from any 2-digit number. The most important application of this knowledge is the ability to add or subtract any pair of 2-digit numbers by counting on or back in 10s and 1s. Children may extend this to adding by partitioning numbers into 10s and 1s.
Multiplication and Division:
Children will be taught to count in 2s, 3s, 5s and 10s, and will relate this skill to repeated addition. Children will meet and begin to learn the associated ×2, ×3, ×5 and ×10 tables. Engaging in a practical way with the concept of repeated addition and the use of arrays enables children to develop a preliminary understanding of multiplication, and asking them to consider how many groups of a given number make a total will introduce them to the idea of division. Children will also be taught to double and halve numbers, and will thus experience scaling up or down as a further aspect of multiplication and division.
Fractions:
Fractions will be introduced as numbers and as operators, specifically in relation to halves, quarters and thirds.
Mental calculation:
- Number bonds (‘story’ of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10).
- Count on in 1s from a given 2-digit number.
- Add two 1-digit numbers.
- Add three 1-digit numbers, spotting doubles or pairs to 10.
- Count on in 10s from any given 2-digit number.
- Add 10 to any given 2-digit number.
- Use number facts to add 1-digit numbers to 2-digit numbers; e.g. Use 4 + 3 to work out 24 + 3, 34 + 3.
- Add by putting the larger number first.
All:
- Pairs with a total of 10
- Count in 1s
- Count in 10s
- Count on 1 from any given 2-digit number
Mental calculation:
- Number bonds – know all the pairs of numbers which make all the numbers to 12, and pairs with a total of 20
- Count on in 1s and 10s from any given 2-digit number
- Add two or three 1-digit numbers
- Add a 1-digit number to any 2-digit number using number facts, including bridging multiples of 10; e.g. 45 + 4; e.g. 38 + 7
- Add 10 and small multiples of 10 to any given 2-digit number
- Add any pair of 2-digit numbers
All:
- Know pairs of numbers which make each total up to 10
- Add two 1-digit numbers
- Add a 1-digit number to a 2-digit number by counting on in 1s
- Add 10 and small multiples of 10 to a 2-digit number by counting on in 10s
